We employed descriptive statistics to examine the prevalence rate, comparability of results, and summary of AMR patterns of enteric bacteria and a 95% confidence Interval (CI) for considering the statistical significance and give conclusions by using Stata 14.1. Therefore, this laboratory-based study aimed at determining enteric bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic-resistant patterns from the environmental sources in different regions of Ethiopia.Ī laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted by following the standard microbial culture and the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for identification and AMR patterns of the enteric bacteria using a total of 180 environmental samples from January through June 2020.

Unfortunately, it is one of the missing topics on sustainable development goals (SDGs). This indicates the ability of the pigment to be used as colourant for fabric and a good alternative source to replace synthetic dyes in textiles.Īntimicrobial resistance (AMR) resulting in the most significant public health and economic threat. Extracted pigment can be applied on selected fabric at optimized conditions, using combination of mordants and may be checked/evaluated for washing, rubbing, light and temperature fastness. Antimicrobial properties of extracted pigments were also evaluated. Extracted pigments were analysed by TLC and various confirmation tests were carried out.

Isolated pigment producing species were confirmed by fully automated Vitek 2 and Phoenix 100 system. Glycerol content was added for enhancement for good visibility of colour. Leifsonia aquatica, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens were isolated for yellow, green and red colour pigment respectively, from natural environmental source and highest colour production was achieved at 25 º C, 150 rpm in 72 h incubation time. Microbial pigments have some advantages over plant and animal species and so it seems much of importance for pigment production. Natural colourants are generally obtained from plant, animal or microorganisms.

Hence, there is an increasing demand for ' biocolour ' from natural sources which can replace artificial synthetic colours. Repeated and prolonged use of synthetic colours has thrown up many issues related to environment and human health.

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